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Installation

You can install autoReg package on github.

#install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("cardiomoon/autoReg")

Load package

To load the package, use library() function.

library(autoReg)
library(dplyr)

Attaching package: 'dplyr'
The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

    filter, lag
The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

Linear model with multiple variables

The package autoReg aims automatic selection of explanatory variables of regression models. Let’s begin with famous mtcars data. We select mpg(miles per gallon) as a dependent variable and select wt(weight), hp(horse power) and am(transmission, 0=automatic, 1=manual) as explanatory variables and included all possible interaction. The autoReg() function make a table summarizing the result of analysis.

fit=lm(mpg~wt*hp*am,data=mtcars)
autoReg(fit) 
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Dependent: mpg                    unit         value      Coefficient (multivariable) 
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
wt                [1.5,5.4]  Mean ± SD     3.2 ± 1.0   -4.80 (-13.06 to 3.46, p=.242) 
hp                 [52,335]  Mean ± SD  146.7 ± 68.6    -0.09 (-0.22 to 0.04, p=.183) 
am                    [0,1]  Mean ± SD     0.4 ± 0.5  12.84 (-16.52 to 42.19, p=.376) 
wt:hp                                                    0.01 (-0.03 to 0.05, p=.458) 
wt:am                                                  -5.36 (-14.85 to 4.13, p=.255) 
hp:am                                                   -0.03 (-0.22 to 0.15, p=.717) 
wt:hp:am                  :                              0.02 (-0.04 to 0.07, p=.503) 
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

You can make a publication-ready table easily using myft(). It makes a flextable object which can use in HTML, PDF, microsoft word or powerpoint file.

Dependent: mpg

unit

value

Coefficient (multivariable)

wt

[1.5,5.4]

Mean ± SD

3.2 ± 1.0

-4.80 (-13.06 to 3.46, p=.242)

hp

[52,335]

Mean ± SD

146.7 ± 68.6

-0.09 (-0.22 to 0.04, p=.183)

am

[0,1]

Mean ± SD

0.4 ± 0.5

12.84 (-16.52 to 42.19, p=.376)

wt:hp

0.01 (-0.03 to 0.05, p=.458)

wt:am

-5.36 (-14.85 to 4.13, p=.255)

hp:am

-0.03 (-0.22 to 0.15, p=.717)

wt:hp:am

:

0.02 (-0.04 to 0.07, p=.503)

From the result of multivariable analysis, we found no explanatory variable is significant.

Selection of explanatory variable from univariable model

You can start with univariable model. With a list of univariable model, you can select potentially significant explanatory variable(p value below 0.2 for example). The autoReg() function automatically select from univariable model with a given p value threshold(default value is 0.2).

autoReg(fit,uni=TRUE, threshold=0.2) %>% myft()

Dependent: mpg

unit

value

Coefficient (univariable)

Coefficient (multivariable)

wt

[1.5,5.4]

Mean ± SD

3.2 ± 1.0

-5.34 (-6.49 to -4.20, p<.001)

-7.50 (-13.21 to -1.80, p=.012)

hp

[52,335]

Mean ± SD

146.7 ± 68.6

-0.07 (-0.09 to -0.05, p<.001)

-0.11 (-0.20 to -0.02, p=.022)

am

[0,1]

Mean ± SD

0.4 ± 0.5

7.24 (3.64 to 10.85, p<.001)

1.91 (-11.29 to 15.10, p=.769)

wt:hp

-0.01 (-0.02 to -0.01, p<.001)

0.02 (-0.00 to 0.05, p=.072)

wt:am

1.89 (0.25 to 3.52, p=.025)

-0.60 (-4.92 to 3.73, p=.778)

hp:am

0.01 (-0.02 to 0.04, p=.452)

wt:hp:am

:

-0.00 (-0.01 to 0.01, p=.982)

As you can see in the above table, the coefficients of hp:am(the interaction of hp and am) and wt:hp:am (interaction of wt and hp and am) have p-values above 0.2. So these variables are excluded and the remaining variables are used in multivariable model. If you want to use all the explanatory variables in the multivariable model, set the threshold 1.

Stepwise backward elimination

From the multivariable model, you can perform stepwise backward elimination with step() function.

fit=lm(mpg~hp+wt+am+wt:hp+wt:am,data=mtcars)
final=step(fit,trace=0)
summary(final)

Call:
lm(formula = mpg ~ hp + wt + hp:wt, data = mtcars)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-3.0632 -1.6491 -0.7362  1.4211  4.5513 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 49.80842    3.60516  13.816 5.01e-14 ***
hp          -0.12010    0.02470  -4.863 4.04e-05 ***
wt          -8.21662    1.26971  -6.471 5.20e-07 ***
hp:wt        0.02785    0.00742   3.753 0.000811 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 2.153 on 28 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8848,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8724 
F-statistic: 71.66 on 3 and 28 DF,  p-value: 2.981e-13

You can perform univariable analysis for variable selection, multivariable analysis and stepwise backward elimination in one step.

fit=lm(mpg~hp*wt*am,data=mtcars)
autoReg(fit,uni=TRUE,final=TRUE) %>% myft()

Dependent: mpg

unit

value

Coefficient (univariable)

Coefficient (multivariable)

Coefficient (final)

hp

[52,335]

Mean ± SD

146.7 ± 68.6

-0.07 (-0.09 to -0.05, p<.001)

-0.11 (-0.20 to -0.02, p=.022)

-0.12 (-0.17 to -0.07, p<.001)

wt

[1.5,5.4]

Mean ± SD

3.2 ± 1.0

-5.34 (-6.49 to -4.20, p<.001)

-7.50 (-13.21 to -1.80, p=.012)

-8.22 (-10.82 to -5.62, p<.001)

am

[0,1]

Mean ± SD

0.4 ± 0.5

7.24 (3.64 to 10.85, p<.001)

1.91 (-11.29 to 15.10, p=.769)

hp:wt

-0.01 (-0.02 to -0.01, p<.001)

0.02 (-0.00 to 0.05, p=.072)

0.03 (0.01 to 0.04, p<.001)

hp:am

0.01 (-0.02 to 0.04, p=.452)

wt:am

1.89 (0.25 to 3.52, p=.025)

-0.60 (-4.92 to 3.73, p=.778)

hp:wt:am

:

-0.00 (-0.01 to 0.01, p=.982)

Linear model with interaction between categorical variable

You can use autoReg() function for models with interaction with categorical variable(s).

fit=lm(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width*Species,data=iris)
autoReg(fit,uni=TRUE, final=TRUE) %>% myft()

Dependent: Sepal.Length

unit

value

Coefficient (univariable)

Coefficient (multivariable)

Coefficient (final)

Sepal.Width

[2,4.4]

Mean ± SD

3.1 ± 0.4

-0.22 (-0.53 to 0.08, p=.152)

0.69 (0.36 to 1.02, p<.001)

0.80 (0.59 to 1.01, p<.001)

Species

setosa (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.0 ± 0.4

versicolor (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.9 ± 0.5

0.93 (0.73 to 1.13, p<.001)

0.90 (-0.68 to 2.48, p=.261)

1.46 (1.24 to 1.68, p<.001)

virginica (N=50)

Mean ± SD

6.6 ± 0.6

1.58 (1.38 to 1.79, p<.001)

1.27 (-0.35 to 2.88, p=.123)

1.95 (1.75 to 2.14, p<.001)

Sepal.Width:Species

setosa

0.48 (0.29 to 0.67, p<.001)

Sepal.Width:Species

versicolor

0.93 (0.69 to 1.17, p<.001)

0.17 (-0.34 to 0.69, p=.503)

Sepal.Width:Species

virginica

1.08 (0.86 to 1.30, p<.001)

0.21 (-0.29 to 0.72, p=.411)

Missing data - automatic multiple imputation

Original data

Let us think about linear regression model with iris data. In this model, Sepal.Length is the dependent variable and Sepal.Width and Species are explanatory variables. You can make a table summarizing the result as follows.

df=gaze(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width+Species,data=iris)
df %>% myft()

name

levels

unit

value

Sepal.Width

[2,4.4]

Mean ± SD

3.1 ± 0.4

Species

setosa (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.0 ± 0.4

versicolor (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.9 ± 0.5

virginica (N=50)

Mean ± SD

6.6 ± 0.6

fit=lm(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width+Species,data=iris)
df=addFitSummary(df,fit,"Coefficient (original data)")
df %>% myft()

name

levels

unit

value

Coefficient (original data)

Sepal.Width

[2,4.4]

Mean ± SD

3.1 ± 0.4

0.80 (0.59 to 1.01, p<.001)

Species

setosa (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.0 ± 0.4

versicolor (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.9 ± 0.5

1.46 (1.24 to 1.68, p<.001)

virginica (N=50)

Mean ± SD

6.6 ± 0.6

1.95 (1.75 to 2.14, p<.001)

Missed data

For simulation of the MCAR(missing at completely random) data, one third of the Sepal.Width records are replace with NA(missing). If you want to perform missing data analysis, use gaze() function with missing=TRUE.

iris1=iris
set.seed=123
no=sample(1:150,50,replace=FALSE)
iris1$Sepal.Width[no]=NA
gaze(Sepal.Width~.,data=iris1,missing=TRUE) %>% myft()

Dependent:Sepal.Width

levels

Not missing (N=100)

Missing (N=50)

p

Sepal.Length

Mean ± SD

5.8 ± 0.8

5.9 ± 0.8

.304

Petal.Length

Mean ± SD

3.7 ± 1.8

3.9 ± 1.7

.368

Petal.Width

Mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.8

1.2 ± 0.7

.613

Species

setosa

35 (35%)

15 (30%)

.811

versicolor

32 (32%)

18 (36%)

virginica

33 (33%)

17 (34%)

And then we do same analysis with this data.

fit1=lm(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width+Species,data=iris1)
df=addFitSummary(df,fit1,"Coefficient (missed data)")
df %>% myft()

name

levels

unit

value

Coefficient (original data)

Coefficient (missed data)

Sepal.Width

[2,4.4]

Mean ± SD

3.1 ± 0.4

0.80 (0.59 to 1.01, p<.001)

1.04 (0.74 to 1.34, p<.001)

Species

setosa (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.0 ± 0.4

versicolor (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.9 ± 0.5

1.46 (1.24 to 1.68, p<.001)

1.55 (1.26 to 1.84, p<.001)

virginica (N=50)

Mean ± SD

6.6 ± 0.6

1.95 (1.75 to 2.14, p<.001)

2.13 (1.86 to 2.40, p<.001)

Multiple imputation

You can do multiple imputation by using imputedReg() function. This function perform multiple imputation using mice() function in mice package. The default value of the number of multiple imputation is 20. You can adjust the number with m argument. You can set random number generator with seed argument.

fit2=imputedReg(fit1, m=20,seed=1234)
df=addFitSummary(df,fit2,statsname="Coefficient (imputed)")
df %>% myft()

name

levels

unit

value

Coefficient (original data)

Coefficient (missed data)

Coefficient (imputed)

Sepal.Width

[2,4.4]

Mean ± SD

3.1 ± 0.4

0.80 (0.59 to 1.01, p<.001)

1.04 (0.74 to 1.34, p<.001)

0.95 (0.69 to 1.20, p<.001)

Species

setosa (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.0 ± 0.4

versicolor (N=50)

Mean ± SD

5.9 ± 0.5

1.46 (1.24 to 1.68, p<.001)

1.55 (1.26 to 1.84, p<.001)

1.53 (1.29 to 1.76, p<.001)

virginica (N=50)

Mean ± SD

6.6 ± 0.6

1.95 (1.75 to 2.14, p<.001)

2.13 (1.86 to 2.40, p<.001)

2.10 (1.88 to 2.32, p<.001)

You can make a plot summarizing models with modelPlot() function.

modelPlot(fit1,imputed=TRUE)